Breakdown Cover

An insurer must identify all defects affecting an insured item during the first diagnostic visit to avoid causing avoidable loss of expectation and unnecessary distress through multiple follow-up visits.

A supplier of a used car under a hire purchase agreement must ensure satisfactory quality, including durability of components, and a consumer may reject the car if it is not of satisfactory quality when supplied.

An insurer may fairly decline a claim if the loss is not covered under the specific policy endorsement claimed, even if similar cover exists under a different endorsement, provided the policy terms were sufficiently brought to the consumer'

An insurer's compensation payment for service failures should be assessed as fair and reasonable based on the period of disruption and impact, rather than requiring additional disturbance allowance when essential facilities remain available

A breakdown cover policy does not extend to spare parts costs, and the policyholder bears responsibility for specifying parts to the repairer selected by the insurer.

An insurer must demonstrate a policyholder acted recklessly (recognized a risk but took no or inadequate measures to lower it) to invoke a reasonable care exclusion.

Insurance policies do not cover indirect costs such as spoiled food arising from product breakdown, and an insurer is not obliged to foresee future breakdowns or carry out comprehensive servicing beyond the scope of repair.

An insurer may fairly decline an unemployment claim where the policyholder's job loss resulted from misconduct, even if the formal dismissal reason was recorded as breakdown of trust rather than disciplinary misconduct.

An insurer is entitled to require pre-approval of repair costs and detailed estimates before work commences, as per policy terms, and a consumer who proceeds without such approval accepts responsibility for the costs.

A supplier of a used car under a hire purchase agreement must ensure it is of satisfactory quality at the point of supply, but repair is an appropriate remedy where defects are successfully remedied.

An insurer may decline to cover repairs to equipment not installed in accordance with manufacturer's instructions where policy terms explicitly exclude such repairs.

An insurer's cash settlement offer for like-for-like reinstatement must be based on a reasonable assessment of costs, even where the contractor declines to provide a detailed cost breakdown.

Under the Consumer Rights Act 2015, goods supplied must be of satisfactory quality, with durability considered as part of that assessment, taking into account the age, mileage, price and description of the goods.

Under the Consumer Rights Act 2015, goods supplied under a hire purchase agreement must be of satisfactory quality, but a reasonable person must accept that a six-year-old used vehicle with significant mileage may have worn parts and is not

Under the Consumer Rights Act 2015, goods must be of satisfactory quality at the point of supply, and the consumer must evidence that faults were present or developing at that time, not that they developed subsequently.

Travel insurance claims must fall within the specific insured events and terms of the policy, and insurers must handle claims fairly without unreasonably declining them.

A bank is only required to reimburse authorized payments under the CRM Code if the customer was victim of an APP scam, not for private civil disputes over defective goods or services.

An insurer must handle claims promptly and fairly under ICOBS 8.1, but should conduct reasonable investigation to validate claims even when policy terms permit discretionary settlement.

Under the Consumer Rights Act 2015, goods supplied under hire purchase must be of satisfactory quality at the point of supply, and a business is entitled to one opportunity to repair faults occurring within six months.

Insurance cover only applies to insured perils explicitly listed in the policy, and exclusions for deliberate acts and specific utilities damage must be applied as written.

A non-advised insurance sale is not mis-sold where policy terms clearly state benefits are available only on renewal and these terms were provided to the consumer before purchase.

Under Section 77A of the Consumer Credit Act 1974, creditors must send periodic statements at least annually, but failure to do so does not necessarily constitute unfair treatment if the debtor has not been disadvantaged.